9. Net results according to measurement categories

The key effects of income from financial instruments are as follows:

2011 € million	Invest- ments	Inter- est	Fair value measure- ments	Curren- cy trans- lation	Dispos- als	Impair- ment	Other	Net result
Loans and receivables incl. cash and cash equivalents	0	60	0	–19	0	–30	1	12
Held to maturity	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Held for trading incl. derivatives within hedges in accordance with IAS 39	0	–3	–24	0	0	0	0	–27
Available for sale	41	0	1	0	0	0	0	42
Other financial liabilities	0	–379	0	–8	15	0	–23	–395
	41	–322	–23	–27	15	–30	–22	–368


2012 € million	Invest- ments	Inter- est	Fair value measure- ments	Curren- cy trans- lation	Dispos- als	Impair- ment	Other	Net result
Loans and receivables incl. cash and cash equivalents	0	47	0	0	0	–53	–1	–7
Held to maturity	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Held for trading incl. derivatives within hedges in accordance with IAS 39	0	–4	17	0	0	0	0	13
Available for sale	15	0	0	0	3	0	0	18
Other financial liabilities	0	–362	0	–26	10	0	–19	–398
	15	–319	17	–26	13	–53	–20	–373

Income and expenses from financial instruments are assigned to measurement categories on the basis of the underlying transactions pursuant to IAS 39.

Investment income is included in other investment income. Interest income and expenses are part of the net interest result. Fair value measurements and effects from currency translations are included in other financial result. Income effects from the derecognition of other financial liabilities are included in earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT). In the same manner, expenses from impairments are essentially included in earnings before interest and taxes.

Impairments are detailed in no. 27 “Impairments of capitalised financial instruments”.

Remaining financial income and expenses, which are included in other financial result, primarily concern bank commissions and similar expenses that are incurred within the context of assets and liabilities.